不同方法评价喀斯特煤矿区农田土壤重金属生态风险比较     

刘品祯  贾亚琪  程志飞  杨珍  杜启露  吴迪 《中国岩溶》2018,37(3):371-378

采用TCLP法、内梅罗综合污染指数、嵌入Igeo综合污染指数法等方法对贵州织金县某煤矿区周边农田土壤重金属进行评价。土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Hg和Zn的含量范围分别为0.79～2.08 mg·kg-1、144.20～464.40 mg·kg-1、91.63～187.50 mg·kg-1、48.13～104.47 mg·kg-1、0.14～2.33 mg·kg-1、144.35～265.89 mg·kg-1,所有土壤样点的Cd、Cr、Cu和Ni含量均已超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准,部分土壤样点的Hg和Zn含量超过二级标准。TCLP法评价结果所有土壤样点均未受到重金属污染;内梅罗综合污染指数法评价结果为农田土壤重金属生态风险处于安全水平;嵌入Igeo综合污染指数法评价结果表明,90%的土壤达到中度污染以上,其中65%的土壤处于中度污染,25%的土壤受到中度至重度污染;潜在生态危害指数法评价表明,所有土壤样点重金属均处于轻微生态风险水平。针对不同评价方法得出的结果存在差异的情况,在评价土壤重金属污染状况时,应根据评价目标的差异选择合适的评价方法。   相似文献   

江苏灌河入海口附近重金属元素环境地球化学质量分析     

夏同法  梁胜跃  徐明钻 《江苏地质》2018,42(4):641-650

以往对灌河口附近海域进行地球化学调查发现,海底沉积物及海水质量总体良好,但局部沉积物中Cr含量高于一类标准,Cu、As、Pb、Hg等其他重金属元素含量也明显高于其他地区,个别重金属元素已接近一类标准最高限,存在潜在生态风险。为进一步了解其与人类活动是否有关,对灌河靠近入海口40 km长的河水进行了地球化学调查,发现灌河河水中Hg、Cu、Pb等重金属元素存在一定程度的超标现象。结合其他证据认为,人类活动不仅对灌河下游河水质量产生了负面影响,还对入海口附近的海域环境质量产生了潜在威胁。借鉴内梅罗综合指数评价思路对灌河下游及入海口的重金属元素环境质量进行评价,并对如何降低、消除生态风险提出了若干建议。  相似文献   

小秦岭太峪水系沉积物重金属污染生态危害评价     

张江华  王葵颖  徐友宁  吴耀国  陈华清 《地质通报》2018,37(12):2224-2232

以金矿开发影响的黄河二级支流太峪水系沉积物为研究对象,沿河采集16个表层沉积物样品,分层采集垂向剖面10件水库沉积物样品,测定了样品中重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态指数法和Tomlinson污染负荷指数法评价重金属元素污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明,矿业活动是太峪水系沉积物重金属元素污染的主要因素;变异系数、富集系数和最高污染系数均反映Hg、Pb、Cd是太峪水系沉积物的特征污染重金属元素,Cr和As的质量分数接近地区背景值;太峪水系表层沉积物受到重金属元素的极强污染,山区段污染较山外更严重;整个流域的Hg、Pb、Cd具有很强的潜在生态危害,Cr、As、Zn的潜在生态危害轻微;太峪水系沉积物垂向各层沉积物都受到重金属元素的极强污染,生态问题以Hg、Pb、Cd的潜在生态危害为主,其污染和生态危害程度都高于流向上的沉积物。潜在生态危害指数评价突出了不同元素的毒性和危害程度,而污染负荷指数法侧重于样本空间上的污染程度,二者互补使用有利于实际问题的全面评价。  相似文献   

秦岭某钼矿区开发对东川河流域Cd的影响     

高云峰  徐友宁  张江华 《地质通报》2018,37(12):2241-2250

为了探索矿业活动对河流水质产生的影响,以秦岭某大型钼矿区下游的东川河流域为研究对象,通过现场采样与室内测试的方法,分析了地表水、沉积物、岩矿样品中重金属Cd的含量特征。采用污染超标倍数法、地累积指数法及Hakanson潜在生态风险评价法分别对东川河流域的河水和底泥样品进行了污染现状评价和生态风险程度评价,最后讨论了Cd的来源。结果表明:东川河主沟16个河水采样点位中,有11个点位的Cd含量明显高于未受矿业活动影响的对照区各点位Cd含量值,Cd含量变异系数达到95.65%,并且从上游到下游各点位Cd含量呈偏态分布,说明东川河流域Cd受矿业活动影响显著。东川河主沟16个河水采样点中有15个Cd含量满足地表水Ⅱ类水标准,比重为93.75%,可以判断东川河整体水质较好。仅5号点位超Ⅱ类水质标准,污染超标倍数为1,为轻度污染。地累积指数分析结果表明,东川河主沟11个底泥样品均存在不同程度的污染:污染最严重的10号点位达到中度-强污染级别;污染最轻的8、9、13号点位为无污染-中度污染;大多数点位为中度污染。东川河主沟11件底泥样品重金属Cd的潜在生态危害指数平均值为120.27,表明东川河主沟底泥总体达到强生态风险程度。酸性矿山废水、原生地质背景、底泥释放、大气干湿降尘等是造成东川河流域Cd重金属污染的主要污染源。  相似文献   

基于随机森林模型的中国中老年人群HDL-C环境影响因素研究     

裴泽华  葛淼  李浩  何进伟  王聪霞 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(7):1286-1300

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）可以有效促进人体内胆固醇的代谢外排,其水平的高低与患心血管疾病的风险呈负相关关系,是心血管疾病的预防与保护因素。厘清我国中老年人群HDL-C水平的地理分异特征及环境影响因素,对我国心血管疾病防治工作的开展有重要意义。论文基于中国中老年人纵向追踪调查,利用全局空间自相关、冷热点分析等方法阐释中国中老年人群HDL-C水平的空间分异特征及变化趋势,同时对比引入随机森林回归模型及多元线性回归方法探讨HDL-C水平空间分布的环境影响因素及其指示作用。结果表明：中国中老年人群HDL-C水平表现为女性高于男性、农村高于城镇,具有明显的地域差异性,整体呈现出“北低南高,中间过渡”的分布格局,且北方出现了以内蒙古、河北、辽宁为代表的低值聚集区,南方出现了以广东、广西、云南为代表的高值聚集区;SO₂、NO₂、降水、气压、PM₁₀和PM_2.5是影响中老年人群HDL-C水平差异分布的主要环境因素,其中高浓度的空气污染物是造成HDL-C值较低的危险因素,充沛的降水和低压环境是防治HDL-C值较低的保护因素。因此,今后关于HDL-C血脂异常防控工作在全国各地应注重其空间分布规律,重点加强对HDL-C低值区的监测,以达到因地制宜、精准防控的目的。  相似文献   

三维城市模型的构建及其在噪音污染分析中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谭仁春  李长辉  王红新 《测绘科学》2006,31(3):101-103

本文提出了综合利用二维矢量数据、航空影像和激光测距与距离修正数据建立三维城市模型的技术路线,并在此基础上探索了城市噪音污染信息在现有三维城市模型中的建模和可视化方法。  相似文献   

Monthly Variations of Atmospheric Circulations Associated with Haze Pollution in the Yangtze River Delta and North China     

Xinyu ZHANG  Zhicong YIN  Huijun WANG  Mingkeng DUAN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):569-580

Haze pollution in early winter(December and January) in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and in North China(NC)are both severe;however, their monthly variations are significantly different. In this study, the dominant large-scale atmospheric circulations and local meteorological conditions were investigated and compared over the YRD and NC in each month. Results showed that the YRD(NC) is dominated by the so-called Scandinavia(East Atlantic/West Russia)pattern in December, and these circulations weaken in January. The East Asian December and January monsoons over the YRD and NC have negative correlations with the number of haze days. The local descending motion facilitates less removal of haze pollution over the YRD, while the local ascending motion facilitates less removal of haze pollution over NC in January, despite a weaker relationship in December. Additionally, the monthly variations of atmospheric circulations showed that adverse meteorological conditions restrict the vertical(horizontal) dispersion of haze pollution in December(January) over the YRD, while the associated local weather conditions are similar in these two months over NC.  相似文献   

Impacts of Aerosol-Radiation Interactions on the Wintertime Particulate Pollution under Different Synoptic Patterns in the Guanzhong Basin,China     

Naifang BEI  Xia LI  Qiyuan WANG  Suixin LIU  Jiarui WU  Jiayi LIANG  Lang LIU  Ruonan WANG  Guohui LI 《大气科学进展》2021,38(7):1141-1152

The effects of aerosol–radiation interactions(ARI) are not only important for regional and global climate, but they can also drive particulate matter(PM) pollution. In this study, the ARI contribution to the near-surface fine PM(PM2.5)concentrations in the Guanzhong Basin(GZB) is evaluated under four unfavorable synoptic patterns, including "northlow", "transition", "southeast-trough", and "inland-high", based on WRF-Chem model simulations of a persistent heavy PM pollution episode in January 2019. Simulations show that ARI consistently decreases both solar radiation reaching down to the surface(SWDOWN) and surface temperature(TSFC), which then reduces wind speed, induces sinking motion,and influences cloud formation in the GZB. However, large differences under the four synoptic patterns still exist. The average reductions of SWDOWN and daytime TSFC in the GZB range from 15.2% and 1.04°C in the case of the"transition" pattern to 26.7% and 1.69°C in the case of the "north-low" pattern, respectively. Furthermore, ARI suppresses the development of the planetary boundary layer(PBL), with the decrease of PBL height(PBLH) varying from 18.7% in the case of the "transition" pattern to 32.0% in the case of the "north-low" pattern. The increase of daytime near-surface PM2.5 in the GZB due to ARI is 12.0%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 9.7% under the four synoptic patterns, respectively. Ensemble analyses also reveal that when near-surface PM2.5 concentrations are low, ARI tends to lower PM2.5 concentrations with decreased PBLH, which is caused by enhanced divergence or a transition from divergence to convergence in an area. ARI contributes 15%–25% toward the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations during the severe PM pollution period under the four synoptic patterns.  相似文献   

Assimilation of Polarimetric Radar Data Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for the Analysis and Forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar     

黎慧琦  刘显通  肖辉  万齐林 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(2):94-108

This study explores the potential for directly assimilating polarimetric radar data (including reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity ZDR) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve analysis and forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar (2018). Ewiniar weakened but brought about heavy rainfall over Guangdong, China after its final landfall. Two experiments are performed, one assimilating only Z and the other assimilating both Z and ZDR. Assimilation of ZDR together with Z effectively modifies hydrometeor fields, and improves the intensity, shape and position of rainbands. Forecast of 24-hour extraordinary rainfall ≥250 mm is significantly improved. Improvement can also be seen in the wind fields because of cross-variable covariance. The current study shows the possibility of applying polarimetric radar data to improve forecasting of tropical cyclones, which deserves more researches in the future.  相似文献   

2015—2019年甘肃平凉地区夏季短时强降水时空分布及天气形势特征     

薛啟  唐亚平  王丽娜  郭海峰  赵慧  马鹏程 《气象与环境学报》2022,38(1):57-64

选取了甘肃平凉地区2015-2019年6-8月发生的27次短时强降水事件。利用自动站逐小时降水资料和高空探测资料,按照短时强降水阈值分类统计法和常规天气分析方法对甘肃平凉地区夏季短时强降水时空分布、影响天气系统及大气环境背景进行了统计分析。结果表明：6月短时强降水频次少,强降水高发区为六盘山山区;7月频次明显增多,活跃地区为静宁、崇信、泾川一带;8月频次及强度达到峰值,密集区为平凉北部的崆峒山区、崇信南部河谷地带。6月短时强降水日变化呈现单峰型特征,以午后居多,1 h降水量在20-30 mm段发生频次最高,占6月频次的80%以上;7月和8月日变化呈多峰型结构,夜间短时强降水频次增多,1 h降水量大于30 mm的频次显著增加,约占7月和8月总频次的40%。分析总结了平凉地区短时强降水天气类型,即高空低槽类、副热带高压类、西北气流类。另外,对表征动力、水汽、不稳定条件的环境参数统计分析,结果显示K指数、CAPE、T₈₅₀-T₅₀₀、Q₈₅₀、θ_se-850等物理量平均特征值对平凉地区强降水预报有较好的指示意义。  相似文献